The Eromanga Basin is a large Mesozoic sedimentary basin in central and northern Australia. It covers parts of Queensland, the Northern Territory, South Australia, and New South Wales, and is a major component of the Great Artesian Basin. The Eromanga Basin covers 1,000,000 km² and overlaps part of the Cooper Basin.
The basin is made of sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, coal, shale, and red beds. Two impact structures have been identified in the basin - Mount Toondina crater and Tookoonooka crater.
In Queensland and South Australia the Eromanga Basin has been explored and developed for petroleum production. Commercial quantities of gas were first discovered in 1976 and oil in 1978. The basin contains Australia's largest onshore oilfield at Jackson. Moomba is the centre of South Australia's oil production in the basin.
The portion of the Eromanga Basin in New South Wales remains under-explored.